A class for the brine fluid properties. More...

#include <dumux/material/components/brine.hh>

Inheritance diagram for Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >:

Description

template<class Scalar, class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>
class Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >

A class for the brine fluid properties.

Template Parameters

Scalar	The type used for scalar values
H2O	Static polymorphism: the Brine class can access all properties of the H2O class

Note: This is an implementation of brine as a pseudo-component with a constant salinity.; the salinity is read from the input file and is a mandatory parameter

Public Types
using	H2O = Components::TabulatedComponent< Dumux::Components::H2O< Scalar > >

Static Public Member Functions
static std::string	name ()
	A human readable name for the brine. More...

static Scalar	salinity ()
	Return the constant salinity. More...

static Scalar	molarMass ()
	The molar mass in \(\mathrm{[kg/mol]}\) of brine. This assumes that the salt is pure NaCl. More...

static Scalar	criticalTemperature ()
	Returns the critical temperature \(\mathrm{[K]}\) of brine. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The critical temperature of brine is dependent on the salt concentration. With increasing NaCl mass fraction the critical point shifts to higher temperatures, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003). More...

static Scalar	criticalPressure ()
	Returns the critical pressure \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) of brine. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The critical pressure of brine is dependent on the salt concentration. With increasing NaCl mass fraction the critical point shifts to higher pressures, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003). More...

static Scalar	tripleTemperature ()
	Returns the temperature \(\mathrm{[K]}\) at brine's triple point. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The triple temperature of brine is dependent on the salt concentration, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003). More...

static Scalar	triplePressure ()
	Returns the pressure \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) at brine's triple point. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The triple pressure of brine is dependent on the salt concentration, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003). More...

static Scalar	vaporPressure (Scalar temperature)
	The vapor pressure in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) of pure brine at a given temperature. More...

static const Scalar	gasEnthalpy (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	Specific enthalpy of gaseous brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). Only water volatile and salt is suppose to stay in the liquid phase. More...

static const Scalar	liquidEnthalpy (Scalar T, Scalar p)
	Specific enthalpy of liquid brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). More...

static const Scalar	liquidHeatCapacity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	Specific isobaric heat capacity of brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). More...

static const Scalar	gasHeatCapacity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	Specific isobaric heat capacity of water steam \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). More...

static const Scalar	gasInternalEnergy (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	Specific internal energy of steam \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). More...

static const Scalar	liquidInternalEnergy (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	Specific internal energy of liquid brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). More...

static Scalar	gasDensity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	The density of steam at a given pressure and temperature \(\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\). More...

static Scalar	gasMolarDensity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	The molar density of steam in \(\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\) at a given pressure and temperature. We take the value of the H2O gas molar density here because salt is not in the gas phase. More...

static constexpr bool	gasIsIdeal ()
	Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be ideal. More...

static constexpr bool	gasIsCompressible ()
	Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be compressible. More...

static constexpr bool	liquidIsCompressible ()
	Returns true if the liquid phase is assumed to be compressible. More...

static Scalar	liquidDensity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	The density of pure brine at a given pressure and temperature \(\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\). More...

static Scalar	liquidMolarDensity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	The molar density of brine in \(\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\) at a given pressure and temperature. More...

static Scalar	gasPressure (Scalar temperature, Scalar density)
	The pressure of steam in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) at a given density and temperature. More...

static Scalar	liquidPressure (Scalar temperature, Scalar density)
	The pressure of brine in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) at a given density and temperature. More...

static Scalar	gasViscosity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	The dynamic viscosity \(\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\) of steam. More...

static Scalar	liquidViscosity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	The dynamic viscosity \(\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\) of pure brine. More...

static Scalar	liquidThermalConductivity (Scalar temperature, Scalar pressure)
	Thermal conductivity of a brine \(\mathrm{[W/(m K)]}\). More...

Static Public Attributes
static constexpr Scalar	R = Constants<Scalar>::R
	The ideal gas constant \(\mathrm{[J/mol/K]}\). More...

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ H2O

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

using Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::H2O = Components::TabulatedComponent<Dumux::Components::H2O<Scalar> >

Member Function Documentation

◆ criticalPressure()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::criticalPressure ( )

inlinestatic

Returns the critical pressure \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) of brine. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The critical pressure of brine is dependent on the salt concentration. With increasing NaCl mass fraction the critical point shifts to higher pressures, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003).

◆ criticalTemperature()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::criticalTemperature ( )

inlinestatic

Returns the critical temperature \(\mathrm{[K]}\) of brine. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The critical temperature of brine is dependent on the salt concentration. With increasing NaCl mass fraction the critical point shifts to higher temperatures, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003).

◆ gasDensity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasDensity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

The density of steam at a given pressure and temperature \(\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

◆ gasEnthalpy()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static const Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasEnthalpy	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

Specific enthalpy of gaseous brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\). Only water volatile and salt is suppose to stay in the liquid phase.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

◆ gasHeatCapacity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static const Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasHeatCapacity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

Specific isobaric heat capacity of water steam \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

See:

IAPWS: "Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam", http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IF97-Rev.pdf [25]

◆ gasInternalEnergy()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static const Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasInternalEnergy	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

Specific internal energy of steam \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

◆ gasIsCompressible()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static constexpr bool Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasIsCompressible ( )

inlinestaticconstexpr

Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be compressible.

◆ gasIsIdeal()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static constexpr bool Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasIsIdeal ( )

inlinestaticconstexpr

Returns true if the gas phase is assumed to be ideal.

◆ gasMolarDensity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasMolarDensity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

The molar density of steam in \(\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\) at a given pressure and temperature. We take the value of the H2O gas molar density here because salt is not in the gas phase.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

◆ gasPressure()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasPressure	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	density
	)

inlinestatic

The pressure of steam in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) at a given density and temperature.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
density	density of component in \(\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\)

◆ gasViscosity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::gasViscosity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

The dynamic viscosity \(\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\) of steam.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component
pressure	pressure of component

◆ liquidDensity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidDensity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

The density of pure brine at a given pressure and temperature \(\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

Note: The density is computed as a function of the salt mass fraction, pressure and temperature. The used function is an empirical relationship fitted to experimental data. It is presented by Batzle and Wang, 1992 (DOI: 10.1190/1.1443207) [8], better description and comparison with other approaches in Adams and Bachu, 2002 (DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-8123.2002.00041.x) [2].

◆ liquidEnthalpy()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static const Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidEnthalpy	(	Scalar	T,
		Scalar	p
	)

inlinestatic

Specific enthalpy of liquid brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\).

Parameters

T	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
p	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

Equations given in:

Palliser & McKibbin (1998) [54]
Michaelides (1981) [44]
Daubert & Danner (1989) [17]

◆ liquidHeatCapacity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static const Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidHeatCapacity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

Specific isobaric heat capacity of brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

See:

IAPWS: "Revised Release on the IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam", http://www.iapws.org/relguide/IF97-Rev.pdf [25]

◆ liquidInternalEnergy()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static const Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidInternalEnergy	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

Specific internal energy of liquid brine \(\mathrm{[J/kg]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

◆ liquidIsCompressible()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static constexpr bool Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidIsCompressible ( )

inlinestaticconstexpr

Returns true if the liquid phase is assumed to be compressible.

◆ liquidMolarDensity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidMolarDensity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

The molar density of brine in \(\mathrm{[mol/m^3]}\) at a given pressure and temperature.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

◆ liquidPressure()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidPressure	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	density
	)

inlinestatic

The pressure of brine in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) at a given density and temperature.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
density	density of component in \(\mathrm{[kg/m^3]}\)

◆ liquidThermalConductivity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidThermalConductivity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

Thermal conductivity of a brine \(\mathrm{[W/(m K)]}\).

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

The thermal conductivity of brine is implemented based on the contribution of NaCl ( \(\lambda_{brine}\)/ \(\lambda_{H_2O}\)) of [81] https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF00867119.pdf, also discussed in [53] https://docecity.com/thermal-conductivity-of-aqueous-sodium-chloride-acs-publicat-5f10766acba00.html

◆ liquidViscosity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::liquidViscosity	(	Scalar	temperature,
		Scalar	pressure
	)

inlinestatic

The dynamic viscosity \(\mathrm{[Pa*s]}\) of pure brine.

Parameters

temperature	temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)
pressure	pressure of component in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\)

Note: The viscosity is computed as a function of the salt mass fraction and temperature. The used function is an empirical relationship fitted to experimental data. It is presented by Batzle and Wang, 1992 (DOI: 10.1190/1.1443207) [8], better description and comparison with other approaches in Adams and Bachu, 2002 (DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-8123.2002.00041.x) [2]. However, the equation given in Adams and Bachu, 2002(DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-8123.2002.00041.x) [2] is obviously wrong when compared to the original by Batzle and Wang, 1992 (DOI: 10.1190/1.1443207) [8].

◆ molarMass()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::molarMass ( )

inlinestatic

The molar mass in \(\mathrm{[kg/mol]}\) of brine. This assumes that the salt is pure NaCl.

◆ name()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static std::string Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::name ( )

inlinestatic

A human readable name for the brine.

◆ salinity()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::salinity ( )

inlinestatic

Return the constant salinity.

◆ triplePressure()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::triplePressure ( )

inlinestatic

Returns the pressure \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) at brine's triple point. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The triple pressure of brine is dependent on the salt concentration, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003).

◆ tripleTemperature()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::tripleTemperature ( )

inlinestatic

Returns the temperature \(\mathrm{[K]}\) at brine's triple point. Here, it is assumed to be equal to that of pure water. The triple temperature of brine is dependent on the salt concentration, see Bakker, 2018 (DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2018.03.003).

◆ vaporPressure()

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

static Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::vaporPressure ( Scalar temperature )

inlinestatic

The vapor pressure in \(\mathrm{[Pa]}\) of pure brine at a given temperature.

Note: The vapor pressure of brine decreases with the mole fraction of water in the liquid phase. This is described by Raoult's law, see Thomas Fetzer's Dissertation Eq. 2.11. It is also the simplified version of the Kelvin equation, neglecting the influence of the capillary pressure here.

Parameters

temperature temperature of component in \(\mathrm{[K]}\)

Member Data Documentation

◆ R

template<class Scalar , class H2O_Tabulated = Components::TabulatedComponent<Components::H2O<Scalar>>>

constexpr Scalar Dumux::Components::Brine< Scalar, H2O_Tabulated >::R = Constants<Scalar>::R

staticconstexpr

The ideal gas constant \(\mathrm{[J/mol/K]}\).

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

components/brine.hh

Description

Public Types

Static Public Member Functions

Static Public Attributes

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ H2O

Member Function Documentation

◆ criticalPressure()

◆ criticalTemperature()

◆ gasDensity()

◆ gasEnthalpy()

◆ gasHeatCapacity()

◆ gasInternalEnergy()

◆ gasIsCompressible()

◆ gasIsIdeal()

◆ gasMolarDensity()

◆ gasPressure()

◆ gasViscosity()

◆ liquidDensity()

◆ liquidEnthalpy()

◆ liquidHeatCapacity()

◆ liquidInternalEnergy()

◆ liquidIsCompressible()

◆ liquidMolarDensity()

◆ liquidPressure()

◆ liquidThermalConductivity()

◆ liquidViscosity()

◆ molarMass()

◆ name()

◆ salinity()

◆ triplePressure()

◆ tripleTemperature()

◆ vaporPressure()

Member Data Documentation

◆ R