dimensionlessnumbers.hh

Go to the documentation of this file.

// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
//
// SPDX-FileCopyrightInfo: Copyright © DuMux Project contributors, see AUTHORS.md in root folder
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
//
#ifndef DUMUX_COMMON_DIMENSIONLESS_NUMBERS_HH
#define DUMUX_COMMON_DIMENSIONLESS_NUMBERS_HH
 
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
 
#include <dune/common/exceptions.hh>
#include <dune/common/math.hh>
 
namespace Dumux {
 
enum class NusseltFormulation
{
    dittusBoelter, WakaoKaguei, VDI
};
 
enum class SherwoodFormulation
{
    WakaoKaguei
};
 
template <class Scalar>
class DimensionlessNumbers
{
 
public:
    static Scalar reynoldsNumber(const Scalar darcyMagVelocity,
                                const Scalar charcteristicLength,
                                const Scalar kinematicViscosity)
    {
        return darcyMagVelocity * charcteristicLength / kinematicViscosity ;
    }
 
    static Scalar prandtlNumber(const Scalar dynamicViscosity,
                                const Scalar heatCapacity,
                                const Scalar thermalConductivity)
    {
        return dynamicViscosity * heatCapacity / thermalConductivity;
    }
 
    static Scalar nusseltNumberForced(const Scalar reynoldsNumber,
                                    const Scalar prandtlNumber,
                                    const Scalar porosity,
                                    NusseltFormulation formulation)
    {
        if (formulation == NusseltFormulation::dittusBoelter){
        /* example: very common and simple case: flow straight circular pipe, only convection (no boiling),
            * 10000<Re<120000, 0.7<Pr<120, far from pipe entrance, smooth surface of pipe ...
            * Dittus, F.W and Boelter, L.M.K, Heat Transfer in Automobile Radiators of the Tubular Type,
            * Publications in Engineering, Vol. 2, pages 443-461, 1930
            */
        using std::pow;
        return 0.023 * pow(reynoldsNumber, 0.8) * pow(prandtlNumber,0.33);
        }
 
        else if (formulation == NusseltFormulation::WakaoKaguei){
            /* example: flow through porous medium *single phase*, fit to many different data
            * Wakao and Kaguei, Heat and mass Transfer in Packed Beds, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, page 293
            */
            using std::pow;
            return 2. + 1.1 * pow(prandtlNumber,(1./3.)) * pow(reynoldsNumber, 0.6);
        }
 
        else if (formulation == NusseltFormulation::VDI){
        /* example: VDI Waermeatlas 10. Auflage 2006, flow in packed beds, page Gj1, see also other sources and limitations therein.
            * valid for 0.1<Re<10000, 0.6<Pr/Sc<10000, packed beds of perfect spheres.
            *
            */
            using std::sqrt;
            using std::pow;
            using Dune::power;
            Scalar numerator    = 0.037 * pow(reynoldsNumber,0.8) * prandtlNumber ;
            Scalar reToMin01    = pow(reynoldsNumber,-0.1);
            Scalar prTo23       = pow(prandtlNumber, (2./3. ) ) ; // MIND THE pts! :-( otherwise the integer exponent version is chosen
            Scalar denominator  = 1+ 2.443 * reToMin01 * (prTo23 -1.) ;
 
            Scalar nusseltTurbular       = numerator / denominator;
            Scalar nusseltLaminar        = 0.664 * sqrt(reynoldsNumber) * pow(prandtlNumber, (1./3.) );
            Scalar nusseltSingleSphere   = 2 + sqrt( power(nusseltLaminar,2) + power(nusseltTurbular,2));
 
            Scalar funckyFactor           = 1 + 1.5 * (1.-porosity); // for spheres of same size
            Scalar nusseltNumber          = funckyFactor * nusseltSingleSphere  ;
 
            return nusseltNumber;
        }
 
        else {
            DUNE_THROW(Dune::NotImplemented, "wrong index");
        }
    }
 
 
    static Scalar schmidtNumber(const Scalar dynamicViscosity,
                                const Scalar massDensity,
                                const Scalar diffusionCoefficient)
    {
        return dynamicViscosity  / (massDensity * diffusionCoefficient);
    }
 
    static Scalar sherwoodNumber(const Scalar reynoldsNumber,
                                const Scalar schmidtNumber,
                                SherwoodFormulation formulation)
    {
        if (formulation == SherwoodFormulation::WakaoKaguei){
            /* example: flow through porous medium *single phase*
            * Wakao and Kaguei, Heat and mass Transfer in Packed Beds, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, page 156
            */
            using std::cbrt;
            using std::pow;
            return 2. + 1.1 * cbrt(schmidtNumber) * pow(reynoldsNumber, 0.6);
        }
 
        else {
            DUNE_THROW(Dune::NotImplemented, "wrong index");
        }
    }
 
 
    static Scalar thermalDiffusivity(const Scalar & thermalConductivity ,
                                    const Scalar & phaseDensity ,
                                    const Scalar & heatCapacity)
    {
        return thermalConductivity / (phaseDensity * heatCapacity);
    }
 
};
 
} // end namespace Dumux
 
#endif