porousmediumflow/richards/volumevariables.hh

Go to the documentation of this file.

// -*- mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
// vi: set et ts=4 sw=4 sts=4:
/*****************************************************************************
 *   See the file COPYING for full copying permissions.                      *
 *                                                                           *
 *   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify    *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by    *
 *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or       *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                     *
 *                                                                           *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,         *
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of          *
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the            *
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.                            *
 *                                                                           *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License       *
 *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.   *
 *****************************************************************************/
 
#ifndef DUMUX_RICHARDS_VOLUME_VARIABLES_HH
#define DUMUX_RICHARDS_VOLUME_VARIABLES_HH
 
#include <cassert>
 
#include <dune/common/exceptions.hh>
 
#include <dumux/porousmediumflow/volumevariables.hh>
#include <dumux/porousmediumflow/nonisothermal/volumevariables.hh>
#include <dumux/material/idealgas.hh>
#include <dumux/material/constants.hh>
#include <dumux/material/solidstates/updatesolidvolumefractions.hh>
 
#include "primaryvariableswitch.hh"
 
namespace Dumux {
 
namespace Detail {
struct VolVarsWithPVSwitch
{
    using PrimaryVariableSwitch = ExtendedRichardsPrimaryVariableSwitch;
};
 
struct VolVarsWithOutPVSwitch
{};
}

template <class Traits>
class RichardsVolumeVariables
: public PorousMediumFlowVolumeVariables<Traits>
, public EnergyVolumeVariables<Traits, RichardsVolumeVariables<Traits> >
, public std::conditional_t<Traits::ModelTraits::enableMolecularDiffusion(),
                            Detail::VolVarsWithPVSwitch, Detail::VolVarsWithOutPVSwitch>
{
    using ParentType = PorousMediumFlowVolumeVariables<Traits>;
    using EnergyVolVars = EnergyVolumeVariables<Traits, RichardsVolumeVariables<Traits> >;
    using Scalar = typename Traits::PrimaryVariables::value_type;
    using PermeabilityType = typename Traits::PermeabilityType;
    using ModelTraits = typename Traits::ModelTraits;
 
    static constexpr int numFluidComps = ParentType::numFluidComponents();
    static constexpr int numPhases = ParentType::numFluidPhases();
 
    using EffDiffModel = typename Traits::EffectiveDiffusivityModel;
 
public:
    using FluidSystem = typename Traits::FluidSystem;
    using FluidState = typename Traits::FluidState;
    using SolidState = typename Traits::SolidState;
    using SolidSystem = typename Traits::SolidSystem;
    using Indices = typename Traits::ModelTraits::Indices;
    static constexpr bool enableWaterDiffusionInAir() { return ModelTraits::enableMolecularDiffusion(); };

    template<class ElemSol, class Problem, class Element, class Scv>
    void update(const ElemSol &elemSol,
                const Problem &problem,
                const Element &element,
                const Scv& scv)
    {
        ParentType::update(elemSol, problem, element, scv);
        const auto& materialParams = problem.spatialParams().materialLawParams(element, scv, elemSol);
        const auto& priVars = elemSol[scv.localDofIndex()];
        const auto phasePresence = priVars.state();
 
        // precompute the minimum capillary pressure (entry pressure)
        // needed to make sure we don't compute unphysical capillary pressures and thus saturations
        using MaterialLaw = typename Problem::SpatialParams::MaterialLaw;
        minPc_ = MaterialLaw::endPointPc(materialParams);
 
        typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
        auto getEffectiveDiffusionCoefficient = [&](int phaseIdx, int compIIdx, int compJIdx)
        {
            return EffDiffModel::effectiveDiffusionCoefficient(*this, phaseIdx, compIIdx, compJIdx);
        };
 
        if (phasePresence == Indices::gasPhaseOnly)
        {
            moleFraction_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = 1.0;
            massFraction_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = 1.0;
            moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = priVars[Indices::switchIdx];
 
            const auto averageMolarMassGasPhase = (moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx]*FluidSystem::molarMass(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx)) +
            ((1-moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx])*FluidSystem::molarMass(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx));
 
            //X_w = x_w* M_w/ M_avg
            massFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = priVars[Indices::switchIdx]*FluidSystem::molarMass(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx)/averageMolarMassGasPhase;
 
            fluidState_.setSaturation(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, 0.0);
            fluidState_.setSaturation(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, 1.0);
 
            EnergyVolVars::updateTemperature(elemSol, problem, element, scv, fluidState_, solidState_);
 
            // get pc for sw = 0.0
            const Scalar pc = MaterialLaw::pc(materialParams, 0.0);
 
            // set the wetting pressure
            fluidState_.setPressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, problem.nonWettingReferencePressure() - pc);
            fluidState_.setPressure(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, problem.nonWettingReferencePressure());
 
            // set molar densities
            if (enableWaterDiffusionInAir())
            {
                molarDensity_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = FluidSystem::H2O::liquidDensity(temperature(), pressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx))/FluidSystem::H2O::molarMass();
                molarDensity_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = IdealGas<Scalar>::molarDensity(temperature(), problem.nonWettingReferencePressure());
            }
 
            // density and viscosity
            paramCache.updateAll(fluidState_);
            fluidState_.setDensity(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::density(fluidState_, paramCache, FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
            fluidState_.setDensity(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::density(fluidState_, paramCache, FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx));
            fluidState_.setViscosity(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, FluidSystem::viscosity(fluidState_, paramCache, FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
 
            // compute and set the enthalpy
            fluidState_.setEnthalpy(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, EnergyVolVars::enthalpy(fluidState_, paramCache, FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
            fluidState_.setEnthalpy(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, EnergyVolVars::enthalpy(fluidState_, paramCache, FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx));
 
            //binary diffusion coefficients
            paramCache.updateAll(fluidState_);
            effectiveDiffCoeff_ = getEffectiveDiffusionCoefficient(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx,
                                                                   FluidSystem::comp1Idx,
                                                                   FluidSystem::comp0Idx);
        }
        else if (phasePresence == Indices::bothPhases)
        {
            completeFluidState(elemSol, problem, element, scv, fluidState_, solidState_);
 
            // if we want to account for diffusion in the air phase
            // use Raoult to compute the water mole fraction in air
            if (enableWaterDiffusionInAir())
            {
                molarDensity_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = FluidSystem::H2O::liquidDensity(temperature(), pressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx))/FluidSystem::H2O::molarMass();
                molarDensity_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = IdealGas<Scalar>::molarDensity(temperature(), problem.nonWettingReferencePressure());
                moleFraction_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = 1.0;
 
                moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = FluidSystem::H2O::vaporPressure(temperature()) / problem.nonWettingReferencePressure();
 
                const auto averageMolarMassGasPhase = (moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx]*FluidSystem::molarMass(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx)) +
                ((1-moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx])*FluidSystem::molarMass(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx));
 
                //X_w = x_w* M_w/ M_avg
                massFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx]*FluidSystem::molarMass(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx)/averageMolarMassGasPhase;
 
                // binary diffusion coefficients
                paramCache.updateAll(fluidState_);
                effectiveDiffCoeff_ = getEffectiveDiffusionCoefficient(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx,
                                                                       FluidSystem::comp1Idx,
                                                                       FluidSystem::comp0Idx);
            }
        }
        else if (phasePresence == Indices::liquidPhaseOnly)
        {
            completeFluidState(elemSol, problem, element, scv, fluidState_, solidState_);
 
            if (enableWaterDiffusionInAir())
            {
                molarDensity_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = FluidSystem::H2O::liquidDensity(temperature(), pressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx))/FluidSystem::H2O::molarMass();
                molarDensity_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = IdealGas<Scalar>::molarDensity(temperature(), problem.nonWettingReferencePressure());
                moleFraction_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = 1.0;
                moleFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = 0.0;
                massFraction_[FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx] = 1.0;
                massFraction_[FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx] = 0.0;
 
                // binary diffusion coefficients (none required for liquid phase only)
                effectiveDiffCoeff_ = 0.0;
            }
        }

        // specify the other parameters
        relativePermeabilityWetting_ = MaterialLaw::krw(materialParams, fluidState_.saturation(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
        updateSolidVolumeFractions(elemSol, problem, element, scv, solidState_, numFluidComps);
        EnergyVolVars::updateSolidEnergyParams(elemSol, problem, element, scv, solidState_);
        permeability_ = problem.spatialParams().permeability(element, scv, elemSol);
        EnergyVolVars::updateEffectiveThermalConductivity();
    }

    template<class ElemSol, class Problem, class Element, class Scv>
    void completeFluidState(const ElemSol& elemSol,
                            const Problem& problem,
                            const Element& element,
                            const Scv& scv,
                            FluidState& fluidState,
                            SolidState& solidState)
    {
        EnergyVolVars::updateTemperature(elemSol, problem, element, scv, fluidState, solidState);
 
        const auto& materialParams = problem.spatialParams().materialLawParams(element, scv, elemSol);
        const auto& priVars = elemSol[scv.localDofIndex()];
 
        // set the wetting pressure
        using std::max;
        using MaterialLaw = typename Problem::SpatialParams::MaterialLaw;
        Scalar minPc = MaterialLaw::pc(materialParams, 1.0);
        fluidState.setPressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, priVars[Indices::pressureIdx]);
        fluidState.setPressure(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, max(problem.nonWettingReferencePressure(), fluidState.pressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) + minPc));
 
        // compute the capillary pressure to compute the saturation
        // make sure that we the capillary pressure is not smaller than the minimum pc
        // this would possibly return unphysical values from regularized material laws
        using std::max;
        const Scalar pc = max(MaterialLaw::endPointPc(materialParams),
                              problem.nonWettingReferencePressure() - fluidState.pressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
        const Scalar sw = MaterialLaw::sw(materialParams, pc);
        fluidState.setSaturation(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, sw);
        fluidState.setSaturation(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, 1.0-sw);
 
        // density and viscosity
        typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
        paramCache.updateAll(fluidState);
        fluidState.setDensity(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
                              FluidSystem::density(fluidState, paramCache, FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
        fluidState.setDensity(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx,
                              FluidSystem::density(fluidState, paramCache, FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx));
 
        fluidState.setViscosity(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx,
                                FluidSystem::viscosity(fluidState, paramCache, FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
 
        // compute and set the enthalpy
        fluidState.setEnthalpy(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx, EnergyVolVars::enthalpy(fluidState, paramCache, FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
        fluidState.setEnthalpy(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx, EnergyVolVars::enthalpy(fluidState, paramCache, FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx));
    }

    const FluidState &fluidState() const
    { return fluidState_; }

    const SolidState &solidState() const
    { return solidState_; }

    Scalar temperature() const
    { return fluidState_.temperature(); }

    Scalar porosity() const
    { return solidState_.porosity(); }

    const PermeabilityType& permeability() const
    { return permeability_; }

    Scalar saturation(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return fluidState_.saturation(phaseIdx); }

    Scalar density(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return fluidState_.density(phaseIdx); }

    Scalar pressure(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return fluidState_.pressure(phaseIdx); }

    Scalar mobility(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return relativePermeability(phaseIdx)/fluidState_.viscosity(phaseIdx); }

    Scalar viscosity(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return phaseIdx == FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx ? fluidState_.viscosity(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) : 0.0; }

    Scalar relativePermeability(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return phaseIdx == FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx ? relativePermeabilityWetting_ : 1.0; }

    Scalar capillaryPressure() const
    {
        using std::max;
        return max(minPc_, pressure(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx) - pressure(FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx));
    }

    Scalar pressureHead(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return 100.0 *(pressure(phaseIdx) - pressure(FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx))/density(phaseIdx)/9.81; }

    Scalar waterContent(const int phaseIdx = FluidSystem::liquidPhaseIdx) const
    { return saturation(phaseIdx) * solidState_.porosity(); }

    Scalar moleFraction(const int phaseIdx, const int compIdx) const
    {
        assert(enableWaterDiffusionInAir());
        if (compIdx != FluidSystem::comp0Idx)
            DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "There is only one component for Richards!");
        return moleFraction_[phaseIdx];
    }

    Scalar massFraction(const int phaseIdx, const int compIdx) const
    {
        assert(enableWaterDiffusionInAir());
        if (compIdx != FluidSystem::comp0Idx)
            DUNE_THROW(Dune::InvalidStateException, "There is only one component for Richards!");
        return massFraction_[phaseIdx];
    }

    Scalar molarDensity(const int phaseIdx) const
    {
        assert(enableWaterDiffusionInAir());
        return molarDensity_[phaseIdx];
    }

    [[deprecated("Will be removed after release 3.2. Use diffusionCoefficient(phaseIdx, compIIdx, compJIdx)!")]]
    Scalar diffusionCoefficient(int phaseIdx, int compIdx) const
    {
        assert(enableWaterDiffusionInAir() && phaseIdx == FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx && compIdx == FluidSystem::comp0Idx);
        return diffusionCoefficient(phaseIdx, FluidSystem::getMainComponent(phaseIdx), compIdx);
    }

    Scalar diffusionCoefficient(int phaseIdx, int compIIdx, int compJIdx) const
    {
        assert(enableWaterDiffusionInAir());
        assert(phaseIdx == FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx);
        assert(compIIdx != compJIdx);
        typename FluidSystem::ParameterCache paramCache;
        paramCache.updatePhase(fluidState_, phaseIdx);
        return FluidSystem::binaryDiffusionCoefficient(fluidState_, paramCache, phaseIdx, compIIdx, compJIdx);
    }

    Scalar effectiveDiffusionCoefficient(int phaseIdx, int compIIdx, int compJIdx) const
    {
        assert(enableWaterDiffusionInAir());
        assert(phaseIdx == FluidSystem::gasPhaseIdx);
        assert(compIIdx != compJIdx);
        return effectiveDiffCoeff_;
    }
 
protected:
    FluidState fluidState_; 
    SolidState solidState_;
    Scalar relativePermeabilityWetting_; 
    PermeabilityType permeability_; 
    Scalar minPc_; 
    Scalar moleFraction_[numPhases]; 
    Scalar massFraction_[numPhases]; 
    Scalar molarDensity_[numPhases]; 
 
    // Effective diffusion coefficients for the phases
    Scalar effectiveDiffCoeff_;
 
};
} // end namespace Dumux
 
#endif